contemporaries who agreed with franck's argument

Recall: PAP(s): A person is morally responsible for what they have done if they could have done otherwise. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Dennett's Luther Argument ("character examples"). Mapping my twin world condition onto the Frankfurt scenario, we should understand Joness action E to be congruent across W1 and W2. By Charles Yu. But the ontological argument starts, not with what we observe, but with the very idea of God and says that this idea entails that . What is a second-order wanton? volume44,pages 961969 (2016)Cite this article. Writing that American skyscrapers have yet to earn the title of architecture, but are merely small objects such as statuettes or knick-knacks, magnified to titanic proportion, Le Corbusier proposes his plan for the skyscraper. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, 13. posi The consequences of nuclear warfare, and the type of measures which would have to be taken to protect a country from total destruction by nuclear bombing, must be as abhorrent to other nations as to the United States. Issues of the Constitutional Convention - George Washington's Mount Vernon Harry Frankfurt's description of the distinctly human quality of forming desires about their desires, opinions about their opinions. most likely cited to explain the limitations of Franck's arguments in the first and second paragraphs? He can place his "infernal machines" in advance in all our major cities and explode them simultaneously, thus destroying a major part of our industry and a large part of our population, aggregated in densely populated metropolitan districts. Philosophical Explorations, 12(2), 109118. Overall, Ralph Waldo claims that the true basis for self-reliance is connection between an individual and nature (which is also his inner voice) which is important for a that individuals intellectual, aesthetic, and moral health and development. In both (1) and (2), S is morally responsible for E in W2 because, within each scenario, S satisfies PAP(s) in W2; and, as we have seen, PAP(s) provides sufficient justification for the ascription of moral responsibility. In 1906, Wendell T. Bush became associated with the Journal as co-editor. A person that can only act on strongest desire at the time. Explain the "Frankfurt case" of Jones & Black argument against PAP. Ultimately, they would argue that only through collective action and cooperation can we ensure global peace and security in the nuclear age. 7388). Modernism: Art for Art's Sake - Sweet Briar College Skyscrapers and other buildings today do take up more than 12 percent of the available land area in cities, but todays urban planners and designers are pushing for increased density, something Le Corbusier would have likely appreciated. It hardly needs stressing that we as scientists believe that any systems of control envisaged should leave as much freedom for the peacetime development of nucleonics as is consistent with the safety of the world. 23 Ibid, at 119. Because of this, the original formulation of PAP is unnecessary. Modified Frankfurt-type counterexamples and flickers of freedom. However, even though these countries may value human life less than the peoples of Western Europe and America, and even though Russia, in particular, has an immense space over which its vital industries could be dispersed and a government which can order this dispersion the day it is convinced that such a measure is necessary -- there is no doubt that Russia, too, will shudder at the possibility of a sudden, disintegration of Moscow and Leningrad, almost miraculously preserved in the present war, and of its new industrial cities in the Urals and Siberia. The manner in which alternate possibilities are presented differs, though, within each of the sufficient conditions discussed. Connect to Locke's argument about the prisoner. For the ascription of moral responsibility, it is my contention that it is not necessary that S could have done otherwise, as required by PAP in its original formulation. 20) Contemporaries who agreed with Franck's argument in the second and third paragraphs regarding the need for an international agreement would most likely have made which of the following arguments to support their position? Russia is known to be mining radium on its own territory; and even if we do not know the size of the deposits discovered so far in the USSR, the probability that no large reserves of uranium will be found in a country which covers one-fifth of the land area of the earth (and whose sphere of influence takes in additional territory) is too small to serve as a basis for security. Contemporaries who agreed with Franck's argument for an international agreement would likely argue that nuclear weapons pose a global threat that cannot be addressed by individual states alone. The answer to this question was given above -- the compelling reason for creating this weapon with such speed was our fear that Germany had the technical skill necessary to develop such a weapon and that the German government had no moral restraints regarding its use. rock creek ranch bc contemporaries who agreed with franck's argument. By taking opposite paths to the solution, the public was left with an abundance of ideas for solving problems, and future generations were able to pick and choose the best ideas from both plans. The principle of alternate possibilities and ought implies can.. Describes a situation in which someone is morally responsible but is unable to do otherwise. All present plans for the organization of research, scientific and industrial development, and publication in the field of nucleonics are conditioned by the political and military climate in which one expects those plans to be carried out. Question:Contemporaries who agreed with francks argument in the second and third paragraphs regarding the need for an international agreement would most likely have made which of the following arguments to support their position? Here, Frankfurt presents the act of being able to do otherwise as a necessary condition for the ascription of moral responsibility. in 1952 and an LL.B. , tions that representatives take on the basis of their party caucuses Oxford: Blackwell. a) While weve yet to see cars hurtling by unimpeded 16 feet above ground as Le Corbusier wished, various methods of separating cars from pedestrians have been attempted in cities around the world. Whatever E happens to be, it is congruent across the different worlds within each respective scenario: E is congruent across W1 and W2 within scenario 1 and congruent across W1 and W2 within scenario 2. Many different political ideologies were represented in the Republic, Which statement best explains why many Germans became discontented with the Weimar Republic in the early 1930s-, Germany experienced widespread unemployment and inflated prices. However, it need not prevent the production of radioactive elements on a scale sufficient to revolutionize the industrial, scientific and technical use of these materials, and would thus not eliminate the main benefits which nucleonics promises to bring to mankind. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11406-016-9690-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11406-016-9690-2. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Amenities are spread along the highways and homes are nestled in parks and gardens and small farms, all surrounded by beautiful natural landscapes; Wright argues that 1,000 people to the hectare (2.47 acres) is looking not so far ahead. in 1953. Which of these characteristics of world war I is illustrated by this central message? The Franck Report: A Report to the Secretary of War, June 1945 In this way, other nations may assume a share of responsibility for such a fateful decision. Never mentioning Le Corbusier by name, Wright nonetheless references his contemporarys argument by using Le Corbusiers terms and ideas directly and responding (unfavorably) to them, but The Times introduction makes the connection to the earlier article by Le Corbusier perfectly clear, describing Wrights ideas as diametrically opposed to Le Corbusiers. Atomic bombs containing a larger quantity of active material but still weighing less than one ton may be expected to be available within ten years which could destroy over ten square miles of a city. It was also a ploy, another deliberate affront to bourgeois sensibility which demanded art with meaning or that had some purpose such as to instruct, or delight, or to . In the latter case, alternative possibilities are used in a more hypothetical context to assess if S would have been affected by their availability to the point of selecting one of these options should they have been available. What if cult-man is brainwashed? We believe that these considerations make the use of nuclear bombs for an early unannounced attack against Japan inadvisable. So he waits until Jones is about to make up his mind what to do, and does nothing unless it is clear to him (Black is an excellent judge of such things) that Jones is going to decide to do something other than what he wants him to do. We hope that the creation of the Committee by the Secretary of War to deal with all aspects of nucleonics, indicates that these implications have been recognized by the government. Another argument which could be quoted in favor of using atomic bombs as soon as they are available is that so much taxpayers' money has been invested in these Projects that the Congress and the American public will demand a return for their money. Also, we have arguably not yet made the progress toward seamless technological integration he had hoped for. Young, G. (2007). The metaphysics of free will. Jones is incapable of making a decision that differs from what Black wants him to decide, and subsequently is incapable of doing other than what Black wants him to do. Which of the following arguments would a supporter of using nuclear weapons against Japan have most likely cited to explain the limitations of Franck's arguments in the first and second paragraphs? Where S engages in action E, if (a) and (b) are satisfied then S is morally responsible for E. Stating this does not negate the possibility that S could still be held morally responsible for E, however, even where (a) and/or (b) fail to be satisfied, should another sufficient condition (as yet unspecified) be met. Fischer, J. M., & Ravizza, M. (1991). The aim of this paper is to present a version of the principle of alternate possibilities (PAP) which is not susceptible to the Frankfurt-style counter-example. If the United States were to be the first to release this new means of indiscriminate destruction upon mankind, she would sacrifice public support throughout the world, precipitate the race for armaments and prejudice the possibility of reaching an international agreement on the future control of such weapons. Donnelly argues both 'radical' cultural relativism and 'radical' universalism are misguided (1984, 403). 6 B. In this sense, it is more akin to the clause if it were the case rather than given that it is. In the war to which such an armaments race is likely to lead, the United States, with its agglomeration of population and industry in comparatively few metropolitan districts, will be at a disadvantage compared to nations whose populations and industry are scattered over large areas. contemporaries who agreed with franck's argument Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. . The Convention held no fewer than 60 votes before the delegates agreed upon the Electoral College as the method of selecting the president. In other words, there is nothing to be lost in terms of our commitment to understanding the conditions for moral accountability by treating PAP as a sufficient condition, but much to be gained: for not only is PAP(s) impervious to Frankfurt-style counter-examples (as noted) but, perhaps more importantly, it opens up debate on what other factors are likewise sufficient for moral responsibility as the Frankfurt-style scenarios seem to indicate and which, if any, is necessary. On the other hand, it may be argued that without an early demonstration it may prove difficult to obtain adequate support for further intensive development of nucleonics in this country and that thus the time gained by the postponement of an open armaments race will not be properly used. The aims of this paper is to argue that, as a maxim for moral responsibility, endorsing PAP as a sufficient condition is as effective as presenting it as a necessary condition. The interview captured many facets of Piaget's remarkable career: his roots in epistemology and natural history; his interests in the underlying processes of . Since its founding it has been published fromColumbia University. ), Addiction vs. weakness of the will. Her doves names are Juliette, Musetta, and Luigi. It seems that we have not escaped the need for alternate possibilities, thereby making alternate possibilities necessary. The scientific facts on which construction is based are well known to scientists of other countries. But if you look at their visions more as a commentary on society and an exploration of concepts rather than a literal plan to destroy and rebuild cities (though they certainly may have intended the latter), it becomes clear that both architects recognized the same problems inherent in their cities. History doesn't matter then isnt the brainwasher really responsible? Do you agree that under certain circumstances, R2P should override sovereignty? It could be suggested that the danger of destruction by nuclear weapons can be avoided -- at least as far as this country is concerned -- either by keeping our discoveries secret for an indefinite time, or else by developing our nuclear armaments at such a pace that no other nations would think of attacking us from fear of overwhelming retaliation. As Engels points out, the ten-point program outlined here is very conservative and preliminary, and would have been much more developed had the Manifesto been written later. Accumulations of this kind could be rapidly converted into atomic bombs if a nation should break away from international control. Where neither is satisfied then S is not morally responsible for performing E. Frankfurt-style scenarios illustrate the condition under which PAP(s) is not satisfied. Frankfurt's Compatibilism Flashcards | Quizlet The way in which the nuclear weapons that we are now developing are b) Fosse Dancers: The thrill of "Bob Fosse's Dancin'," a revival of the 1978 musical is, aptly, its dancers. Which of the following arguments would a supporter of By making PAP sufficient rather than necessary for moral responsibility, it is still the case that anyone who satisfies (a) and (b) is held to account, morally. Among all the arguments calling for an efficient international organization for peace, the existence of nuclear weapons is the most compelling one. From a progressive modernist's point of view, it was a further exercise of freedom. They would point out that the catastrophic consequences of a nuclear war would affect not only the warring nations but also the entire world. FF: if he identifies, is wholeheartedly committed, it doesn't matter where it came from. d) Production of nuclear explosives begins with the processing of large quantities of uranium in large isotope separation plants or huge production piles. It must be stressed that if one takes the pessimistic point of view and discounts the possibility of an effective international control over nuclear weapons at the present time, then the advisability of an early use of nuclear bombs against Japan becomes even more doubtful -- quite independently of any humanitarian considerations. Inherent within each of the aforementioned sufficient conditions is a role for alternate possibilities. What I have argued is that there is nothing to be gained, in terms of moral instruction, by insisting on PAP as a necessary condition for moral accountability. "He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.". s the chief of staff. Widerker, D. (1995). the secretaries (leaders) of the departments of the executive branch. Why, according to Kane, does this example fail to show what Dennett thinks it shows?

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